World Bank project-financed research on population, health, and nutrition

This report on World Bank project-financed research on population, health and nutrition (PHN) is based on a review of 109 staff appraisal reports for projects financed in fiscal years 1980-91 and on selected interviews with task managers. The report looks at only the simplest dimensions of project-financed research and examines research outcomes of only a few projects. Among conclusions tentatively reached: (1) more than 90 percent of PHN projects from fiscal years 1980-91 financed research. (2) Bank experience with project-financed research in the PHN sector has been extremely variable: quite successful in some countries and almost a total failure in others. Even so, some striking successes justify continued efforts to incorporate research into projects and to encourage use of that research to improve both national PHN policy and follow-on Bank financed projects. (3) Personalities make a difference, both among borrowers and within the Bank. Often successes are associated with a particular person within the government or the Bank who has taken a continuing personal interest in encouraging research. (4) Supervision is crucial to good results. Supervision must be frequent enough to keep the research component on time and of good quality. For quality research to be completed, it is important that those responsible for supervision attach a high priority to research even if it is not a large part of the project in terms of budget. (5) Research that leads to a project outcome - such as research needed to justify release of funds or for a follow-on project - is more likely to be undertaken and completed than is research with a more general objective. (6) In countries where the institutional capability exists, using a national institution to review research proposals and to administer research grants can be quite effective. Experience indicates that some sort of peer-group review produces better research. (7) There is probably room for more best-practices workshops where PHN staff can exchange experiences about successful design and supervision of project-financed research components. But usually it will be necessary to retain experienced consultants to help design substantial research components. (8) More systematic collection and dissemination of project-financed research is justified, given the considerable amounts of money and effort devoted to it.Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Agricultural Knowledge&Information Systems,ICT Policy and Strategies,Poverty Monitoring&Analysis,Scientific Research&Science Parks

Lauder Art Collections: Two Brothers, Two Collections, One City

This thesis highlights two New Yorkers who donate a plethora of art treasures to their beloved hometown. The value of these collective materials provides a permeance to the history of civilization. Art works within these institutions provides visual history and allows for an immediacy to learn and a simple way to connect with the past. However, the art is as good as it is culled into a meaningful collective with easy accessibility for all. The Leonard A. Lauder Cubist Collection at the Metropolitan Museum of New York and the Ronald S. Lauder Neue Galerie are two of the most distinguished assembled collections of the twentieth century in the United States. Delicate drawings on paper from the late nineteenth century up to the late twentieth century, to all a panorama of painting, sculpture, collages, decorative objects and design, the Lauder Collections are a treasure trove given to art institutions in New York. The significance as to “why New York” is telling. It is about the character and generosity of two boys who came from humble means to become two of the wealthiest businessmen in the world, and how their upbringing in the city provided them the enrichment of art; so much so, that their hobby grew into two of the richest art collections in the great city in which they grew up and love

Comparison of ultrasound‐guided core biopsy versus fine‐needle aspiration biopsy in the evaluation of salivary gland lesions

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/100263/1/hed23193.pd

Completion lymphadenectomy for sentinel node positive cutaneous head & neck melanoma

The application and utility of melanoma sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has evolved significantly since its inception over two decades ago. The current focus has shifted from a staging modality to potentially a therapeutic intervention. Recent research to include large multi‐institutional randomized trials have attempted to answer the question: is a completion lymph node dissection (CLND) required following a positive SLNB? This review provides an evidence‐based, contemporary review of the utility of CLND for SLNB positive head and neck cutaneous melanoma patients.Level of EvidenceNAPeer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142560/1/lio2136.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142560/2/lio2136_am.pd

Is sentinel lymph node biopsy the standard of care for cutaneous head and neck melanoma?

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/110046/1/lary24807.pd

Prognostic factors in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Background The current treatment results of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma still remain modest. Various prognostic factors have been investigated and need to be included in the management decision making. Methods We reviewed the pertinent literature regarding host, tumor, and treatment factors as prognostic indicators that influence outcome in patients diagnosed with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Results Host, tumor, and treatment factors all have an important impact upon an individual patient's prognosis with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, whereas staging systems only take into account tumor factors. There is much work yet to be done to establish reliable, independent biomarkers that predict survival and response to treatment. Conclusions Optimal outcomes for an individual patient can be achieved when taking into account tumor, host, and treatment factors.Peer reviewe

Is There a Difference in Staging and Treatment of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Tumors Between Tertiary Care and Community‐Based Institutions?

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/145574/1/lio2178.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/145574/2/lio2178_am.pd

Neck spasm after chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancer: Natural history and dosimetric correlates

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/102727/1/hed23284.pd

- My Research Is Their Business, but I’m Not Their Business- : Patient and Clinician Perspectives on Commercialization of Precision Oncology Data

BackgroundGenetic sequencing and precision oncology have supported clinical breakthroughs but depend upon access to vast arrays of research specimens and data. One way for academic medical centers to fund such infrastructure and research is - commercialization- of access to specimens and data to industry. Here we explore patient and clinician perspectives regarding cancer specimen and data commercialization with the goal of improving such processes in the future.Materials and MethodsThis qualitative analysis was embedded within a prospective precision oncology sequencing study of adults with head and neck cancer. Via semistructured dyadic interviews with patients with cancer and their doctors, we assessed understanding and concerns regarding potential commercialization, opinions regarding investment of profits, and perspectives regarding the return of information directly to participants from industry.ResultsSeveral patient- and clinician- participants did not understand that the consent form already permitted commercialization of patient genetic data and expressed concerns regarding who would profit from the data, how profits would be used, and privacy and access. Patients were generally more comfortable with commercialization than clinicians. Many patients and clinicians were comfortable with investing profits back into research, but clinicians were more interested in investment in head and neck cancer research specifically. Patients generally supported potential return- of- results from a private entity, but their clinicians were more skeptical.ConclusionOur results illustrate the limitations of mandatory disclosures in the informed consent process. The voices of both patients and their doctors are critical to mitigate violations of privacy and a degradation of trust as stakeholders negotiate the terms of academic and commercial engagement.Implications for PracticeFurther education is needed regarding how and why specimens and data in precision oncology research may be commercialized for both patients and providers alike. This process will require increased transparency, comprehension, and engagement of involved stakeholders.To better understand perspectives on cancer specimen and data commercialization, interviews of patients participating in a prospective precision medicine cancer sequencing study were conducted, along with corresponding interviews with the patients’ referring doctors. This article reports the results and aims to improve the consent process for biospecimen and health data sharing and commercialization.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156136/2/onco13272.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156136/1/onco13272_am.pd